Proof of concept prototyping was performed on two of the concepts for water management. Pem fuel cells make a powerful case for small business. Automobile engineering 08a720 project work phase i of anna university october2014 department of automobile. The polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cell is a versatile alternative for the decarbonization of the transportation sector. Two formal design methodologies, biomimetic design and the theory of inventive problem solving, triz, were applied to the redesign of a proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell. Pem fuel cells, distributed parameter modelling and simulation. One approach, introduced in this thesis, is the direct growth of carbon. Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. Among these alternatives, hydrogen has a life changing opportunity for the human being for the future. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or.
Since the sample of cathode catalyst layer represents the arbitrarily chosen. Fuel cell technology may contribute to more efficient energy use, reduce emissions and also perhaps revolutionize current energy systems. Among different types of fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc is most widely investigated. An engineering model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. This work seeks to understand whether onboard fuel cell systems are technically feasible, and, if so, if they offer a performance advantage for the airplane as a. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of. Research and development of proton exchange membrane pem. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells pemfcs currently appear to be the. Nanostructured model electrodes for studies of fuel cell. This thesis is based on the work presented in the following papers. Sometimes they are also called polymer membrane fuel cells, or just membrane fuel cells. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells for automotive. To understand the operation of a single cell helps to study the operation of the pem fuel cell system.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a suitable and powerful diagnostic testing method for fuel cells because it is nondestructive and provides useful information about fuel cell performance and its components. Degradations and improvements in pem fuel cell materials. Tailored electrospun gas diffusion layers for polymer. Following that, the reason for a thinner and more ordered electrode structure is presented for the next generation of pem fuel cells. R characteristic and efficiency of pem fuel cell and pem. A chapter concerning the measurement equipment, installation and the measurements follows thereafter. Most fuel cells designed for use in vehicles produce less than 1. The potential power generated by a fuel cell stack depends on the number and size of the individual fuel cells that comprise the stack and the surface area of the pem. Application of fuel cells in automotive powertrains is emphasized, partly because ground vehicle propulsion conditions present the most challenging control problem, and partly due to their importance in global fuel consumption and emission generation. Proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells have a great potential to replace conventional fossil fuel dependent power conversion technologies in a wide range of portable, automotive and stationary applications and this is due to their high efficiency, quick startup and sizing flexibility. Durability of cathode catalyst components of pem fuel cells.
The nafion membrane and cathode catalysts are two areas where pem fuel cells have issues of cost, durability, and efficiency. In this thesis, we employ phenomenological modeling and. Novel solid proton conductors have been prepared and characterized prior to the development of composite membranes. Merewether abstract fuel cells are important future sources of electrical power and could contribute to a reduction in the amount of petro leum imported by the united states.
Modeling and design of hybrid pem fuel cell systems for lift trucks hosseinzadeh, elham publication date. Pem fuel cells are well known to age upon application as a power source. Research and development of proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell system for transportation application. Fuel cells are a promising technology for electric power generation, suitable for several mobile and stationary applications. This thesis comprises two studies that aim to address both cost and durability of pem fuel cells via the design of tailored gas diffusion layers gdls. This thesis is devoted to the study of the stability of unsupported and carbon. This paper presents a performance model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that has sufficient accuracy for engineering applications. Place the reversible fuel cell in a secure positionor onto a flat surface. They are electrochemi cal devices similar to a battery and consist of a container, an. However, there are still some technical challenges that hinder the widespread deployment of this clean. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the. Flow channels are important for supplying reactant gases in the fuel cell, and they can be designed.
Pdf proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell modeling. This thesis presents the synthesis and characterization of novel composite membranes for medium temperature proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells. Pem fuel cells use a proton conductive polymer membrane as electrolyte. In this thesis, a set of detailed twodimensional nonisothermal computational models for pem fuel cells in xy and yz planes are developed, which aims at the. Pem fuel cells make a powerful case for small business backup as for issues regarding the storage and effects of fuel, pem fuel cells have none. When applying an electrical current the device acts as an electrolyzer that produces hydrogen and oxygen from deionized water. Experimental and modelbased analysis for performance and durability improvement of pem fuel cells stephan strahl directors. A twophase flow, steadystate, threedimensional pem fuel cell model considering the phase change effect of water has been developed in the final phase of the thesis. The main body of this thesis is based on the following papers. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of pem fuel cells.
A proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell is considered as a potential power source for high altitude uas unmanned aircraft systems operations. Pem fuel cell performance improvement through numerical. Efficient pem fuel cells for portable applications white. As a result, over 80% of fuel cells being produced today are pem cells. Among all kinds of fuel cells, the polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells, also known as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, is an ideal candidate for this purpose primarily due to its low operating temperature 60 c 90 c and fast startup. Pem fuel cells consist of a membrane electrode assembly mea which is sandwiched between bipolar plates bp, see fig. Deployed on a commercial airplane, proton exchange membrane fuel cells may offer emissions reductions, thermal efficiency gains, and enable locating the power near the point of use. The technology is, however, still immature and has not yet been implemented as dominant in any application or niche market. Mea is the basis of the cost factor in proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells. Fuel cells and biogas abstract this thesis concerns biogasoperated fuel cells. The most common fuel source for smaller fuel cell backup power systems is hydrogen gas. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public.
Pem fuel cells redesign using biomimetic and triz design. Flooding inside the cell was captured at high current density using the model for a condensation value of 10. Pem stands for polymer electrolyte membrane or proton exchange membrane. Design and development of manufacturing methods for. Dynamic performance of a pem fuel cell system abid rabbani. Optimizing the structural design of nanocomposite catalyst. A threedimensional computational model of pem fuel cell.
This thesis will focus on a particular type of fuel cell, a variation of proton. Theory and practice find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The liquid water collection with strategically placed wicks concept demonstrated the potential benefits for a. Thesis lund university publications lunds universitet. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and volume numbers. Current distribution on pem fuel cells with different flow. Request pdf on jan 1, 2005, frano barbir and others published pem fuel cells. I am particularly grateful for fast and precious comments on this thesis, good advices, kindness and all supports, especially for data analysis of xrf measurements given by my. Modeling and design of hybrid pem fuel cell systems for lift trucks. Fuel cell infrastructure and commericaliza allison gas turbine on. Over time, the performance of both individual cells and the overall system degrades. The proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell is the most promising type. Insitu characterization of single cells n sensitivity analysis of cell designs and operation strategies with respect to load, operating temperature, humidi.
A chapter about fuel cells follows and then a short description of ts prolific and its electrical system is given. Our customers make use of the experimental results to optimize cell, stack, and system designs as well as operation strategies. In this thesis, we concentrate on the fuel cell control requirement during transients. Therefore, multiple cells must be assembled into a fuel cell stack.
Improving the cost and durability of pem fuel cell materials is a hot topic of research today. Synthesis and characterization of composite polymeric. Fuel cells fcs have attracted considerable attention for replacing batteries in many electronic devices. Connect the pem reversible fuel cell to the motor or load you wish to power using the red and black connecting leads. The software written for this thesis is attached to the pdf version of this the sis, or can be. The mea is a five layered structure composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane pem with a catalyst layer cl and a gas diffusion layer gdl on each side anodecathode. It contributes for more than 50% of the cost in a fuel cell. In the early days 1960s they were known as solid polymer electrolyte spe fuel cells. The reversible pem fuel cell combines the functions of an electrolyzer and a fuel cell into one device. By examining the structure and composition of the meas before and after use in a fuel cell environment, the changes which may have occurred can provide valuable information on the. Carbon nanofiber electrodes for pem fuel cells technische. And search more of istocks library of royaltyfree vector art that features alkaline graphics available for quick and easy download.
In the modelling part, the research addresses the detailed development of a nonlinear distributed parameter model of a single pem fuel cell, which incorporates the e ects of. Carbon nanofiber electrodes for pem fuel cells increasing energy demand in the world and the environmental concerns due to air pollution and the green house effect of fossil fuels stimulate the research into renewable alternative energy resources. The proj ced by th ed out in n and dev thesis ma nted as a in this res. The advantages of proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells include lower operating temperature than other fuel cells and size small enough to fit into a car. Pdf proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc operation involves. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that combine hydrogen and oxygen from air to produce electric current, with water and heat as the main coproducts. In this part of the thesis, two decentralised control strategies based on distributed. However, high cost and limited durability of materials hinder widespread adoption. The management of liquid water from either the internal chemical reactions or externally humidified reactants is an important design consideration for proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells because of the effects on both cell performance. Airbreathing proton exchange membrane fuel cells abpemfcs have received more attention in recent years because of the simplifications in the fuel cell system, which makes. Barbirs groundbreaking book still lays the groundwork for engineers, technicians and students better than any other resource, covering fundamentals of design, electrochemistry, heat and mass transport, as well as providing the context of system.
Corrosion of bipolar plates in pem fuel cells by seyed ali azimifar. Using fuel cells to convert hydrogen to electricity preparation of the fuel cell system using a pem reversible fuel cell to power a load 1. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells for electrical power. At altitudes in excess of 10 km, very low atmospheric temperatures and pressures, and unexpected variations in the load demand put severe stresses on the operation and performance of pem fuel cells. Download this solid oxide fuel cell structure vector illustration now. Characterization of pem fuel cells, stacks and systems. The next part is a basic description of a fuel cell system and after that, thoughts about additional power. Modeling and design of hybrid pem fuel cell systems for. The attached gold leads included with the pem electrolyzer and pem fuel cells may be inserted into redblack terminals of the fuel cells if attaching other devices such as solar panels and small wind turbines using crocodile clip type leads cables. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuelcell applications and portable fuelcell applications. Structure of the catalytic sites in fenccatalysts for. Water and thermal management of pem fuel cells white. Study of pem fuel cell performance by electrochemical.
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